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《The Heart of the Bible》「心」在希伯來文中的用法

※The moral heart
The Hebrew word for heart, lev (לב) is found hundreds of times in the Bible. In the biblical mindset, the lev is much more than merely the organ that tirelessly pumps blood through our veins. The lev is the core human organ. It represents the inner self. It is what causes us to love, cry, sin and empathize. A better English equivalent would be “psyche”. For this reason, in the original Hebrew of the Bible, countless moral qualities are expressed using the word lev.
希伯來文「心」一詞，在《聖經》中出現數百次。
希伯來聖經的思維，「心」不僅僅是不懈地經由血管抽送血液的器官。「心」是人體器官的核心。它代表內在的自我。它使我們愛、哭泣、犯罪和能同情。更好的英語同意字是「心靈」。因此，在舊約希伯來文聖經中，無數的道德品質都用「lev」這個詞來表達。

※What’s inside the heart? 內心的形容詞
Here is a sample of how the Bible uses the word lev to express a wide variety of human personas:
下面是聖經如何使用"lev"一詞來表達各種各樣的人類角色的例子：
• an honorable person is described as yashar-lev, “straight hearted” (Ps. 7:11)
一個可敬的人被描述為”yashar-lev”,「正直心」(詩7:11)
11 God judgeth the righteous, and God is angry with the wicked every day.
11 מָֽגִנִּ֥י עַל־אֱלֹהִ֑ים מ֝וֹשִׁ֗יעַ יִשְׁרֵי־לֵֽב׃
《יִשְׁרֵי־לֵֽב》
יִשְׁרֵי (3477) ישׁר yâshâr yaw-shawr ：straight, upright, correct, right
לֵֽב(3820) לב lêb labe ：inner man, mind, will, heart,
11神是公義的審判者，又是天天向惡人發怒的神。

• a stubborn person is kashe-lev, “hard hearted” (Ezek. 3:7)
頑固的人是kashe-lev，「硬心腸」（以西結書3：7）
7 But the house of Israel will not hearken unto thee; for they will not hearken unto me: for all the house of Israel are impudent and hardhearted.
7 וּבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֹ֤א יֹאבוּ֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־אֵינָ֥ם אֹבִ֖ים לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלָ֑י כִּ֚י כָּל־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל חִזְקֵי־מֵ֥צַח וּקְשֵׁי־לֵ֖ב הֵֽמָּה׃
《וּקְשֵׁי־לֵ֖ב》
וּקְשֵׁי (7186) קשׁה qâsheh kaw-sheh ：hard, cruel, severe, obstinate
7以色列家卻不肯聽從你，因為他們不肯聽從我；原來以色列全家是額堅心硬的人。

• an arrogant person is guilty of gevah-lev, “elevated heart” (Prov. 16:5)
傲慢的人犯了「心高氣傲」罪(箴言16:5)
5 Every one that is proud in heart is an abomination to the Lord: though hand join in hand, he shall not be unpunished.
5 תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה כָּל־גְּבַהּ־לֵ֑ב יָ֥ד לְ֝יָ֗ד לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶֽה׃
《כָּל־גְּבַהּ־לֵ֑ב》
גְּבַהּ־לֵ֑ב (1362) גּבהּ gâbâhh gaw-bawh ：high, proud

• a dishonest person has a lev va-lev, a “heart and heart” or a “double heart” (Ps. 12:3)
一個不誠實的人有一個lev va-lev(「心和內心」或「二心」)（詩篇12：3）
3 The Lord shall cut off all flattering lips, and the tongue that speaketh proud things:
3 שָׁ֤וְא ׀ יְֽדַבְּרוּ֮ אִ֤ישׁ אֶת־רֵ֫עֵ֥הוּ שְׂפַ֥ת חֲלָק֑וֹת בְּלֵ֖ב וָלֵ֣ב יְדַבֵּֽרוּ׃
《בְּלֵ֖ב וָלֵ֣ב》
וָלֵ֣ב (3820) velev ：and heart；and a heart；and the heart：
inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding
בְּלֵ֖ב (3820) balev：in the heart；in my heart；cardiac心臟的
3凡油滑的嘴唇和誇大的舌頭，耶和華必要剪除。

• a courageous person is called amitz-lev, “mighty hearted” (Amos 2:16)
一個勇敢的人被稱為amitz-lev「強大的勇氣」（阿摩司書2:16）
16 And he that is courageous among the mighty shall flee away naked in that day, saith the Lord. courageous: Heb. strong of his heart
16 וְאַמִּ֥יץ לִבּ֖וֹ בַּגִּבּוֹרִ֑ים עָר֛וֹם יָנ֥וּס בַּיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃
《וְאַמִּ֥יץ לִבּ֖וֹ》
וְאַמִּ֥יץ (533) veamits (and courageous)：אמּץ אמּיץ ammı̂yts ammits am-meets, am-meets ：strong, mighty
לִבּ֖ו (3820) libo
16到那日，勇士中最有膽量的，必赤身逃跑。這是耶和華說的。

※The Courage to Return to The Source 欣賞希伯來文
Your English translated Bible has taken the fascinating rich Hebrew language and flattened it out to make it flow more easily for English speakers. This robs Scripture of its vital power. A heroic figure like David is not merely “courageous” but “mighty hearted”. One of the most rewarding things about learning to read the Bible in Hebrew is the ability to “get behind” the translation. Enroll in our live online Biblical Hebrew course today and get to the heart of the Bible.