「靈修神學」這個名字翻譯得妙極了。可是,這個名字的英文是「Mystical Theology 或 Christian Mysticism」,直接的翻譯是﹕基督教奧秘宗、密宗、或神秘宗,因為靈修神學不過就是天主教中世紀修道院中的修士的神秘操練。
其中重要人物有聖方濟(Francis of Assissi)、大蘭德(Teresa of Avila)、十字架的約翰(John the Cross)、羅倫斯弟兄(Brother Lawrence)、梅頓(Thomas Merton)、盧雲(Henri J. Nouwen)、恩德曉(Evelyn Underhill)等等,一般被稱為基督教神秘主義者(Christian mystics)。
5。忘我,與神合一——「天主教的靈修神學學者經常盡量去描寫這種深切關係和高峰經歷(peak experience),高峰經歷就是完全渾然忘我,自己已經不是自己,甚至經歷過後,亦說不出那種經歷,那是一種完全令整個人消逝的關係。天主教神學傳統就是響往和神的關係到這種高峰關係。他們追求最高峰就是與神聯合(Union with God)……」[7]但是,這和印度教或新紀元冥想的最高峰(與天地合一)有什麼分別?
常有人問﹕我們可否使用類似冥想的辦法接觸聖經中的神?我總是這樣回答﹕神若願意在冥想狀態中和人來往,祂不可能不在聖經中明言,但是,有沒有呢?沒有。傅士德(Richard Foster)在《屬靈操練禮讚》(Celebration of Discipline)中也坦白地說﹕「聖經吩咐人操練禁食、默想、崇拜、和慶祝,至於怎樣做,它幾乎沒有任何指示。」[9]〔Meditation,中文聖經作思想或默想,但不是冥想。〕如果聖經沒有明文指示,基督徒就不應該畫蛇添足!請參「安靜和入靜」文。
[1]王志學,《經歷神》(香港﹕基道出版社,1999),頁13,書中其他「退修程序」亦如此開始。[2] 同上,頁154。[3] 同上,頁58。[4] Richard Foster, Celebration of Discipline: The Path to Spiritual Growth (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1978), p. 27-28.[5] 王志學,頁30。[6] Emilie Griffin, Wonderful and Dark is This Road: Discovering the Mystic Path (Brewster, MA: Paraclete Press, 2004), p. 72-73. [7]溫偉耀,《追求屬靈的得與失﹕評基督宗教靈修學四大傳統的優點與危機》(香港﹕基督教桌越使團,1998年),頁25。[8] 蓋恩夫人,《簡易祈禱法》,第二章,「祈禱的方法」。(http://www.ccgn.nl/ft-book/jyqdf/index2.html)[9] Foster, Celebration of Discipline, p. 3. [10] Saint John of the Cross, Mirabai Starr trans., Dark Night of the Soul (New York: Riverhead Books, 2002), p. 119. [11] Andrew Harvey, ed., Teachings of the Christian Mystics (Boston: Shambhala, 1998), p. 161.v[12] Griffin, Wonderful and Dark is This Road, Chapter 10, “Mystical Gifts and Unusual Phenomena”.v[13] Wong, Chi-Hok ,《靈命塑造》, O. C. M. ,2000年,頁52-53。[14] Alan Morrison, The Serpent and the Cross: Religious Corruption in an Evil Age (Birmingham, Canada; K&M Books, 1994), p. 361-62; Jacob Needleman, Lost Christianity: A Journey of Rediscovery to the Centre of Christian Experience (Rockport, MA: Element, 1993), p.113-15. [15] Emilie Griffin, Evelyn Underhill Essential Writings (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2003), p. 9-12. [16] Evelyn Underhill, Mystics of the Church (Harrisburg, PA: Morehouse Publishing, 1925), p. 11. [17] Morrison, The Serpent and the Cross, p. 350-53. [18] Ibid., p. 353-54. [19] Foster, Celebration of Discipline, p. 130. [20] Ibid., p. 23-24. [21]溫偉耀,《追求屬靈的得與失》,頁47-48。[22] 胡恩德,「探秘」,《音訊》,香港﹕喜樂福音堂,1994年一月。[23] 吳主光,「神學教育的感觸」(http://www.hkpec.org/tst/pastersharing/050612pastorsharing.htm);吳主光,「建立『高我』的『九型人格』」(http://hi.baidu.com/morality/blog/item/c2f12a3b9e98b5ee15cecbf9.html);吳主光,「得救的人少吗?」(http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Nd-vAdGZm5oJ:www.jmdjz.com/leadbbs/Announce/Announce.asp%3FBoardID%3D7%26ID%3D7470+%E5%90%B3%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%89%EF%BC%8C%E9%9D%88%E4%BF%AE&cd=69&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us)。[24] T.A. McMahon, “Please Contemplate This,” The Berean Call Newsletter, 03/00. (http://www.deceptioninthechurch.com/newpage3111.htm) [25] John Ankerberg & John Weldon, “Meditation – Part 3,” http://www.johnankerberg.org/Articles/new-age/NA0903W1.htm) [26] Morrison, The Serpent and the Cross, p. 395-97. [27] Marcia Montenegro, “Contemplating Contemplative Prayer: Is It really Prayer?” (http://www.christiananswersforthenewage.org/Articles_ContemplativePrayer1.html) [28] Rev. John D. Dreher, “The Danger of Centering Prayer” (http://www.catholic.com/thisrock/1997/9711fea1.asp,http://www.saint-mike.org/Library/Occult/CenteringPrayer.html) [29] Charles T. Tart, ed., Altered States of Consciousness (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1969), p. 3.