眾所週知,百憂解通常能叫人感到樂觀,開朗,所以現在已經有很多人借著它的力量改善自己的性格,幫助自己適應,或者叫自己更善交際、更勇於表達自己、更自信等等。但是,社會人士開始擔心,這樣做是否虛偽?是否符合道德原則?人的「真我」跑到哪裡去呢?克拉馬(Kramer)寫了一本叫做《神奇百憂解》(Listening to Prozac)的書,意思是說,我們聽從百憂解,讓它告訴我們,我們那部分的性格需要改變,那部分不需要。所以,這是一個道德問題。[32]
1.聖經輔導絕不把所有問題歸咎於罪——聖經輔導之父亞當斯(Adams)曾經嘗試澄清謠言﹕「人家不斷地說,我相信所有的問題都是人自己的罪所帶來的,但是我在第一本書《聖靈的勸誡》(Competent to Counsel)中已經講清楚,我沒有這樣的意思,我甚至引用約伯和生來是瞎眼的人(約九)為例說明。在我其他的書中,我也一再重複這點,但是都沒有用,人家還是這樣講。」[44]
「醫治抑鬱症﹕ ……今天最常用的抗抑鬱劑——『血清素再吸收抑制劑』(SSRI,[例﹕百憂解])……一個研究顯示,服用這些藥物的青少年,經歷到的自殺衝動,是兩倍於其他服用寬心藥的青少年。……至少有兩個腦介感受器(neurotransmitter receptor)基因被認為與自殺衝動有關。醫生們希望……鑒定這些基因……」(Jeneen Interlandi, “Personalized Medicine: The Future of Healing,” Newsweek, Dec 15, 2008, p. 55.)
「人的性格雖然看似穩定,但不是說,它是一成不變的。……愈來愈多人認識到,經歷可以壓制基因,也可以活化它。……一個2006年的研究報告說﹕從20歲到40歲,人會變得更認真勤懇,在情緒上更穩定……中年和成年後期,環境比基因更能影響性格……愈來愈來研究指出,人的性格是動態的和有彈性的,是由人一生的經歷塑造成的。」(Sharon Begley, “When DNA Is Not Destiny,” Newsweek, December 1, 2008.)請留意,這裏並沒有說,三歲或五歲之前的經歷決定一切,所以「原生家庭傷害」也不能成立。
[1] Sharon Begley, “Is Everybody Crazy?” Newsweek, Jan 26, 98, p. 52.[2] Julie Scelfo, “Men & Depression: Facing Darkness,” Newsweek, Feb 26, 07, p. 47 .[3] Begley, “Is Everybody Crazy?” p. 54.[4] Jeffrey Kluger, “Why We Love,” TIME, Jan 28, 08, p. 55-60.[5] Jeffrey Kluger, “What Makes Us Moral,” TIME, Dec 3, 07, p. 58.[6] Jay Tolson, “Is There Room for the Soul?” U. S. News & World Report, Oct 23, 06, p. 60.[7] 見http://www.ccef.org/faculty.asp[8] Edward Welsch, Depression: The Way Up When You Are Down (Phillipsburg, New Jersey: P&R Publishing Company, 2000)[9] Harold M. Schmeck, “Schizophrenia Study Strong Signs Of Hereditary Cause,” New York Time, Feb 17, 08. [10] Peg Tyre, “No One to Blame,” Newsweek, Dec 5, 05, p. 51-59.[11] Jeffrey Kluger, “When Gambling Becomes Obsessive,” TIME, Aug 1, 05, p. 52-54.[12] Stanislav Grof & Christina Grof, Spiritual Emergency (New York: G. P. Putnams Sons, 1989), p. 15.[13] Carla Emery, Secret, Don’t Tell: The Encyclopedia of Hypnotism (Clare, MI: Acorn Hill Publishing Co., 1997) , p.230,232. [14] Arnold Ludwig, “Altered States of Consciousness”, Charles Tart, ed., Altered States of Consciousness (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1969), p. 13-21.[15] Sharon Begley, “How the Brain Rewires Itself,” TIME, Jan 29, 07, p. 72-74.[16] Michael D. Lemonick with Alice Park, “The Science of Addiction,” TIME, July 16, 07, p. 45-46.[17] Lemonick & Park, “The Science of Addiction,” p. 47.[18] Michael D. Lemonick, “The Biology of Joy,” TIME, Jan 17, 05, p. A12-A14.[19] Mark S. Gold, The Good News About Drug and Alcohol (New York: Villard Books, 1991), chapter 13;[20] Jeneen Interlandi, “What Addicts Need,” Newsweek, March 3, 2008, p, 37-42.[21] Peg Tyre, “Finding What Works,” Newsweek, April 25, 05, p. 54.[22] Jeffrey Kluger, “Medicating young Minds,” TIME, Nov 3, 03, p. 49-56.[23] William Glasser, Warning: Psychiatry Can Be Hazardous to Your Mental Health (HarperCollins Publishers, 2003), p. 32-33.[24] Kluger, “Medicating young Minds,” p. 49-56.[25] Ibid..[26] “Prozac,” St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture by Ava Rose (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g1epc/is_tov/ai_2419100991)[27] Peter R. Breggin, Talking Back to Prozac (New York: St. Martin’s Press,1994).[28] Peter R. Breggin, Toxic Psychiatry (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991), p. 153-54.[29] Joseph Glenmullen, Prozac Backlash (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 8,12.[30] 《精神病診斷和統計手冊》,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,簡稱DSM,這是一本精神心理健康工作人員的「聖經」,診斷的標準全賴此書。[31] Kent Garber, “Who’s Behind the Bible of Mental Illness,” U. S. News & World Report, Dec 31, 07 - Jan 7,08, p. 25-26.[32] Erik Parens, “Kramer’s Anxity,” in Carl Elliot & Tod Chambers, eds., Prozac as A Way of Life (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2004), p. 21-32.[33] Clark E. Barshinger, Lojan E. LaRowe and Andres Tapia, “The Gospel according to Prozac: can a pill do what the Holy Spirit could not?” Christianity Today, August 14, 1995.[34] Breggin, Toxic Psychiatry, p. 158.[35] Science News, Vol. 173, No. 9, p. 132-133.;「抗抑鬱藥物未必勝過安慰劑」,《世界日報》,2008年,三月4日。[36] Jerry Adler, “Rehab Reality Check,” Newsweek, Feb 19, 07, p. 46.[37] Deborah Kotz, “Get Healthier and Happier,” U. S. News & World Report, December 24, 2007, p. 64.[38] Begley, “How the Brain Rewires Itself,” p. 77.[39] 譚中嶽,「勝過抑鬱」,《今日華人教會》,2004年六月,頁26。[40] Deborah Kotz, “Get Healthier and Happier,” U. S. News & World Report, December 24, 2007, p. 60-66.[41] Kluger, “When Gambling Becomes Obsessive,” p. 54.[42] Ibid..[43] 牧笛著/琴韻譯,「但神說……──由神學角度論聖經輔導運動(Biblical Counseling)」,《舉目》,2005年九月。[44] Jay Adams, How to Help People Change (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1986), p. 33.[45] Edward Welch, Homosexuality: Speaking the Truth in Love (Phillipsburg, New Jersey: P&R Publishing Company, 2000)[46] Welch, Depression: The Way Up When You Are Down.